Sejarah Pesawat Tempur – 1940an
Pesawat tempur adalah pesawat militer yang dirancang untuk menyerang pesawat lain di udara. Berbeda dengan pesawat pengebom, yang dirancang untuk menyerang target di permukaan. Pesawat tempur relatif lebih kecil, cepat, dan lincah. Pesawat tempur awalnya dikembangkan pada Perang Dunia I, untuk menghadapi pesawat pengebom dan balon udara yang mulai lazim digunakan untuk melakukan serangan darat dan pengintaian. Pesawat tempur pertama awalnya berupa pesawat sayap ganda kayu yang diberi senapan mesin ringan. Pada Perang Dunia II, pesawat tempur lebih banyak dibuat dari logam, bersayap tunggal, dan menggunakan senapan mesin yang tertanam pada sayap. Setelah Perang Dunia II, mesin turbojet mulai menggantikan mesin piston, dan peluru kendali mulai digunakan untuk menggantikan senapan mesin sebagai senjata utama.Klasifikasi pesawat tempur dibuat berdasarkan generasi. Penggunaan generasi ini awalnya digunakan petinggi pertahanan di Rusia, yang menyebut F-22 Raptor Amerika Serikat sebagai pesawat tempur “generasi kelima”.
1940 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: F4F WildcatConstructor: Grumman |
Armament: 6 machine guns 12.7 mm 2 bombs 45 kg |
| Length: 8m76 | Max Speed: 512 km/h | Ceiling: 10600 m |
| height: 2m81 | Weight Max: 3607 kg | Range: 2050 km |
| Span: 11m58 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1941 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: P-40 WarHawkConstructor: Curtiss |
Armament: 2 machine guns 12.7 mm 4 machine guns 7.62 mm |
| Length: 9m66 | Max Speed: 555 km/h | Ceiling: 8990 m |
| height: 3m22 | Weight Max: 3655 kg | Range: 1287 km |
| Span: 11m37 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1941 – UNI SOVIET
 |
Name: MiG-3Constructor: Mikoyan-Gourevitch |
Armament: 2*mg 7.62 mm 1*mg 12.7 mm |
| Length: 8m26 | Max Speed: 640 km/h | Ceiling: 12000 m |
| height: 3m50 | Weight Max: 3350 kg | Range: 1250 km |
| Span: 10m20 | Crew: 1 | Engines:1 |
1942 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: B-24 LiberatorConstructor: Consolidated |
Armament:9-11 * mg 12.7mm 3629 kg payload |
| Length: 20m22 | Max Speed: 488 km/h | Ceiling: 9753 m |
| height: 5m46 | Weight Max: 27216 kg | Range: 3500 km |
| Span: 33m52 | Crew: 10 | Engines: 4 |
1942 – UNI SOVIET
 |
Name: Yak-9DConstructor: Yakovlev |
Armament: 1 x 20 mm ShVAK cannon 1 * 12.7 mm machine gun |
| Length: 8m55 | Max Speed: 602 km/h | Ceiling: 10600 m |
| height: 3m00 | Weight Max: 3120 kg | Range: 1360 km |
| Span: 9m74 | Crew: 1 | Engines:1 |
1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: B-17G Flying FortressConstructor: Boeing |
Armament:13 * mg 12.7mm 9453 kg payload |
| Length: 22m66 | Max Speed: 462 km/h | Ceiling: 10850 m |
| height: 5m82 | Weight Max: 29710 kg | Range: 3160 km |
| Span: 31m62 | Crew: 12 | Engines: 4 |
1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: B-25J MitchellConstructor: North American |
Armament:13 * mg 12.7mm 1800 kg payload |
| Length: 16m13 | Max Speed: 438 km/h | Ceiling: 7375 m |
| height: 4m98 | Weight Max: 15876 kg | Range: 2170 km |
| Span: 20m60 | Crew: 6 | Engines: 2 |
1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: B-29A SuperfortressConstructor: Boeing |
Armament: 1*g 20mm 12 * mg 12.7mm 9072 kg payload |
| Length: 30m18 | Max Speed: 575 km/h | Ceiling: 9710 m |
| height: 9m02 | Weight Max: 56245 kg | Range: 5230 km |
| Span: 43m05 | Crew: 10 | Engines: 4 |
1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: P-38J LightningConstructor: Lockheed |
Armament: 1*g 20 mm 4 mg 12.7 mm 2 bombs 726 kg |
| Length: 11m53 | Max Speed: 666 km/h | Ceiling: |
| height: 3m91 | Weight Max: 9806 kg | Range: 3025 km |
| Span: 18m85 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 2 |
1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: P-47D ThunderboltConstructor: Republic |
Armament:8 mg 12.7 mm 1135 kg |
| Length: 10m99 | Max Speed: 687 km/h | Ceiling: 12800 m |
| height: 4m44 | Weight Max: 7900 kg | Range: 2900 km |
| Span: 12m42 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1943 – ITALIA
 |
Name: Macchi M.C. 205 VeltroConstructor: Macchi Castoldi |
Armament:2 mg 12.7 mm 2*cannon 20 mm |
| Length: 8m85 | Max Speed: 650 km/h | Ceiling: 11350 m |
| height: 3m04 | Weight Max: 3408 kg | Range: 1040 km |
| Span: 10m58 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1943 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: F4U-1A CorsairConstructor: Vought |
Armament:6 mg 12.7 mm 2 bombs 450 kg |
| Length: 10m16 | Max Speed: 671 km/h | Ceiling: 11245 m |
| height: 4m90 | Weight Max: 6350 kg | Range: 1640 km |
| Span: 12m50 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1943 -INGGRIS
 |
Name: Mosquito FB Mk-VIConstructor: de Haviland |
Armament: 4*g 20mm 4 mg 7.7 mm 905 kg payload |
| Length: 12m47 | Max Speed: 611 km/h | Ceiling: 11000 m |
| height: 4m65 | Weight Max: 10115 kg | Range: 1940 km |
| Span: 16m51 | Crew: 2 | Engines: 2 |
1944 -INGGRIS
 |
Name: Spitfire Mk XIVConstructor: Supermarine |
Armament: 2 cannons 20 mm 4 machine gun 7.7mm |
| Length: 9m96 | Max Speed: 721 km/h | Ceiling: 13560 m |
| height: 3m86 | Weight Max: 3856 kg | Range: 1368 km |
| Span: 11m23 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1944 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: P-51D MustangConstructor: North American |
Armament: 6 mg 12.7 mm 2 bombs 454 kg |
| Length: 9m83 | Max Speed: 703 km/h | Ceiling: 12800 m |
| height: 4m16 | Weight Max: 5493 kg | Range: 3350 km |
| Span: 11m28 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1944 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: F6F-5 HellcatConstructor: Grumman |
Armament: 6 machine guns 12.7 mm 1814 kg payload |
| Length: 10m24 | Max Speed: 611 km/h | Ceiling: 11400 m |
| height: 4m11 | Weight Max: 6991 kg | Range: 2100 km |
| Span: 13m06 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1944 – JERMAN
 |
Name: Messerschmitt Me262Constructor: Messerschmitt |
Armament: 4 * gun 30mm |
| Length: 10m60 | Max Speed: 870 km/h | Ceiling: 11450 m |
| height: 3m84 | Weight Max: 6400 kg | Range: 1050 km |
| Span: 12m48 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 2 |
1944 – JERMAN
 |
Name: FW 190DConstructor: Focke Wulf |
Armament: 2*mg 13mm 2*g 20mm 500 kg payload |
| Length: 10m20 | Max Speed: 685 km/h | Ceiling: 12000 m |
| height: 3m35 | Weight Max: 4840 kg | Range: 835 km |
| Span: 10m50 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1944 – JERMAN
 |
Name: Me-163 KometConstructor: Messerschmitt |
Armament: 2 * cannon 30mm |
| Length: 5m84 | Max Speed: 960 km/h | Ceiling: 12040 m |
| height: 2m77 | Weight Max: 4110 kg | Range: 8 min of power |
| Span: 9m32 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1945 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: F-8F BearcatConstructor: Grumman |
Armament: 6 machine guns 12.7 mm 2 bombs 454 kg |
| Length: 8m61 | Max Speed: 678 km/h | Ceiling: 11800 m |
| height: 4m22 | Weight Max: 5873 kg | Range: 3160 km |
| Span: 10m62 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1945 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: P-80 Shooting StarConstructor: Lockheed |
Armament:6 mg 12.7 mm 2*bomb 454 kg |
| Length: 10m49 | Max Speed: 967 km/h | Ceiling: 14265 m |
| height: 3m43 | Weight Max: 7646 kg | Range: 1328 km |
| Span: 11m81 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1946 -INGGRIS
 |
Name: Vampire FB Mk.6Constructor: de Haviland |
Armament: 4*g 20mm 907 kg payload |
| Length: 9m37 | Max Speed: 882 km/h | Ceiling: 13045 m |
| height: 2m69 | Weight Max: 5620 kg | Range: 1960 km |
| Span: 11m58 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1947 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: A-1H SkyraiderConstructor: Douglas |
Armament: 4*g 20 mm 3630 kg payload |
| Length: 11m84 | Max Speed: 518 km/h | Ceiling: 8685 m |
| Height: 4m78 | Weight Max: 11340 kg | Range: 2126 km |
| Span: 15m25 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1948 – UNI SOVIET
 |
Name: MiG-15 FagotConstructor: Mikoyan-Gourevitch |
Armament: 1*g 37mm 2*g 23mm b500 kg |
| Length: 10m86 | Max Speed: 1075 km/h | Ceiling: 15500 m |
| height: 3m70 | Weight Max: 6045 kg | Range: 1860 km |
| Span: 10m08 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1948 – AMERIKA SERIKAT
 |
Name: F-86A SabreConstructor: North American |
Armament: 6 mg 12.7 mm 2 bombs 454 kg |
| Length: 11m43 | Max Speed: 1089 km/h | Ceiling: 14630 m |
| height: 4m50 | Weight Max: 7359 kg | Range: 2050 km |
| Span: 11m31 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 1 |
1949 -INGGRIS
 |
Name: Gloster Meteor F Mk.8Constructor: Gloster / Armstrong Whitworth |
Armament: 4*g 20mm |
| Length: 13m59 | Max Speed: 962 km/h | Ceiling: 13400 m |
| height: 3m96 | Weight Max: 7122 kg | Range: 965 km |
| Span: 11m32 | Crew: 1 | Engines: 2 |
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